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(No Model.) I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 G. A. GRAY 81: E. RICHTER. METAL PLANING MAOHINE.

No. 447,820. Patented Mar. 10, 1891.

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G. A. GRAY 8v E. RICHTER. METAL PLANING MACHINE.

\UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE A. GRAY AND ERNST RICHTER, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNORS TO THE G. A. GRAY COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

METAL-PLANING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 447,820, dated March 10, 1891. Application filed September 1, 1890. Serial No- 863,737. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.- the cutting-motion loose pulley loose on the Be itknown that we, GEORGE A. GRAY and driving-shaft; 10, the backing-motion pulley ERNST RICHTER, of Cincinnati, Hamilton fast on the driving-shaft; 11, the backing-mo county, Ohio, have invented certain new and tion loose pulley loose on the driving-shaft; 55 useful Improvements in Metal-Planing Ma- 12, the belt-shifters for properly shifting the chines, of which the following is a specificatwo belts from their tight pulleys to their tion. loose pulleys; 13, the slide which by recipro- This invention relates to improvements in cation gives proper motion to the belt-shiftthe system of mechanism involved in shifting ers; 14, the tumbler to be oscillated by the 60 the belts and in operating the feed of metaldogs; 15, the backing-dog engaging the tumplaning machines and theimprovements will bler to initiate the backing-stroke; 16, the be readily understood from the following decutting-dog to engage the tumbler to initiate scription, taken in connection with the accomthe cutting-stroke, the tumbler and the dogs panying drawings, in which 1 being located near the side of the bed over 65 1 Figurel is a side elevation of a metal-planwhich the side edge of the table projects, as ing machine exemplifying our improveusual; 17 ,abearingbracket reaching from the ments; Fig. 2, a rear elevation of the tumbler bed outwardly some distance beyond the tumll and its immediate accessories, the bearingbler; 18, a shaft journaled in the bed and in bracket and connecting-rod appearing in verthis bearing-bracket and passing through the 7'0 tical section; Fig. 3, a horizontal section at tumbler,which is slotted so that the shaft will the front of one of the housings, showing the not interfere with the oscillation of the tumengaging parts of one of the side heads in bler; 19, a hand-lever on the outer end of this plan; Fig. 4, a face view of one of the feedshaft; 20, a lever secured to this shaft near ratchet devices employed. Fig. 5, a diametthe tumbler; 21, a pin projecting from this ,7 5 2 5 rical section of this feed-ratchet device; Fig. lever parallel to the shaft and engaginga slot 6, a side elevation of the feed-clutch mechanin the tumbler, so that as the shaft is parism drivenby the cutting motion loose pulley, tially rotated the pin will transmit oscillathis pulley appearing in vertical section, tions to the tumbler; 22, a lever connected while the bevel-gear through which it drives with the belt-shifting slide 13; 23, a rod con- 80 0 the feed-clutch is omitted; and Fig. 7, afront necting this lever with lever 20; 24, the tumelevation, part vertical section, of the feedbler-lug to be engaged by the cutting-dog, and clutch mechanism. the tumbler-lug to be engaged by the back- Where no special description is given of ing-dog. the detailsof constructiomit maybe assumed -At this point the literal reference to the 85 that those details'are of ordinary well-known drawing may be interrupted and the opera 7 construction. tion of the tumbler mechanism fully described. In the drawings, (referringto Fig. 1,mainly,) Movement of slide 13 affects the belt-shifter, 1 indicates the bed of the planer; 2, the table; as usual, putting both belts on their loose 3, one of the housings; 4, the rail; 5, a side pulleys if the table is to remain motionless, 9o head; 6, the driving-shaft, exemplified as aror putting the cutting-belt on tight pulley 8 ranged parallel with the bed, this shaft being and the backing-belt on loose pulley llwif the one to which the belts communicate mothe table is to make a cutting motion, or put tion to be transmitted to the table and to the ting the cutting-belt on loose pulley 9 and feed mechanism; 7, a bevel-gear driven by the backing-belt 011 tight pulley 10,if the 95 5 the driving-shaft and serving as a mere extable is to make abacking motion. The dogs emplification of means for transmitting mooscillate the tumbler, as usual, at the ends of tion from the driving-shaft to the table, it the strokes. Then the tumbler oscillates, the 1 being understood that any of the usual syslever 20 will be oscillated and motion will be tems of'transmission between driving-shaft therefore transmitted through rod 23 and lemo and table may be employed; 8, the cuttingver 22 to the belt-shifting slide. The effect motion pulley fast on the driving-shaft; 9, is the same as if the rod 23 were con t d directly to the tumbler, except that the direction of motion becomes reversed, rod 23 moving to the left when the tumbler is moved to the right. It is also obvious that if the shaft 18 be partially rotated by means of the handlever the belt-shifter will be operated, the effect being the same as if the tumbler were oscillated directly by hand, except that considerable increase of power becomes available when the belt-shifter is operated by the hand motion. The shaft 18 extends far out beyond the tumbler, and therefore while the tumbler is near the side of the bed the handlever is well out convenient to the operator.

Some planers are provided with dogs and tumblers upon one side of the machine only, while in other constructions both sides are so provided, the tumbler-operating shafts extending across the planer, as illustrated in Grays patent, No. 401,267. It is immaterial to our present invention whether the tumbler mechanism described be arranged upon one or both sides of the planer.

It is usual in planing-machines to arrange for a feeding impulse to be imparted to the cutting-tools at one end of the ends of the table-stroke, and we will now proceed 'to describe the system of mechanism by which we accomplish this result in a novel manner, securing a positive feed alterable in degree and practically unlimited in power and positive in its motions and free from dragging friction during non-feeding intervals. I

Proceeding with reference to the drawings, 26 indicates the usual rack disposed against one of the housing-posts and arranged for vertical reciprocation, and is designed to impart motion to feed mechanism on the rail; 27, a feed-spindle receiving rotatory motion from the reciprocations of the rack, the term rotatory, whether correctly or not, being in this specification used as defining motion of partial rotation, first in one direction and then in the other, as distinguished from motion of continuous rotatio-n one of these spindles being mounted in the side head and one in the rail; 28, Fig. 3, the pinion through which the rack imparts motion to this spindle; 29, Fig. 5, a gear loose on this spindle; 30, Fig. 1, feed-screw for feeding the side head up and down, the rotary nut of this screw being jour naled in the side head; 31, a shaft parallel with spindle 27 and bevel-geared to the nut of this screw, so that as this shaft is turned the side head will be raised or lowered; 32, Figs. 4 and 5, a double-ended pawl mounted on gear 29, this pawl being of usual construction with usual interior spring, so that either of its ends may be put into action when desired; 33, a ratchet-wheel fast on spindle 27 and adapted to be engaged and driven in a selected direction of motion by the selected end of the pawl, or, to express it more con rectly, adapted to act as a driver and drive the pawl, and consequently the gear 29, to which it is attached, the spindle 27 receiving rotatory motion from the rack, and thus transmitting motion, rotary in either desired direction, to gear 29; 34, Fig. 3, bevel-gearing on the side head, one gear being on shaft 31 and the other being the nut of screw 30; 35, hand-crank on shaft 31 for moving the side head by hand; 36, Figs. 4 and 5, a segment loose on spindle 27 and lying against the ratchet-wheel, the periphery of this segment extending beyond the periphery of the ratchet-wheel and serving to prevent the engagement of the pawl with the ratchet-wheel, this segment while loose on the spindle being held thereto by friction, so as tend to move with the ratchet-wheel; 37, a tailpiece adj ustably clamped to the segment and adapted to strike a part of the pawl, and thus prevent the segment being carried farther with the ratchet-wheel; 38, a spring pressing the segment against the ratchetwheel and producing the friction which causes the segment to movewith the ratchetwheel except when prevented by the tailpiece coming in contact with the pawl; 39, the finger-knob for turning the pawl to put either of its ends into action or to put it into neutral idle position, the hub of this knob being part of the pawl which obstructs the movement of the tail-piece; 40, the usual feed-gears on the rail-screws and rods to transmit the .feed motion to the saddles, &c., on the rail; and 41, a pinion on shaft 31, by which the feed motion is imparted to the side head,

At this point we may interrupt the literal reference to the drawings and assume that the feed-rack is reciprocated, as usual, and we may accordingly proceed with a full description of the feed-ratchet mechanism. The rack gives rotatory motion to ratchetwheel 33, Fig. 4:. Assume the ratchet-wheel to be movingin the direction indicated by arrow a. The ratchet-wheel will not drive the pawl because the segment will not permit the engagement. The segment moves with the ratchet-wheel, and soon its limit will be reached and the pawl will go into engagement. Thereupon the ratchet-wheel will drive the gear 29, and feeding motion will be imparted to the tool or tools, the amount of the feed depending on the amount of the rotatory stroke of the ratchet-wheel after the segment limit is passed. \Vhen the end of the rotatory stroke is reached, gear 29 and the pawl remain stationary and the ratchet-wheel moves in the other direction, carrying the segment with it, the pawl riding upon the segment. On the next stroke in the direction of the arrow the pawl will be advanced, as before, and another feeding impulse will be given gear 29; but it will be no ticed that the ratchet-wheel and segment perform uniform rotatory strokes while the pawl is being advanced in the direction of the arrow. It follows that upon the second feeding-stroke the limit of the segment will be reached later and the degree of feed therefore less. Con 'sequently it becomes requisite that the limit point of the segment shall be adjusted at IOU stroke against the direction of the arrow, the

tail-piece strikes the pawl and the segment remains stationary, the ratchet-wheel advancing to the end of its stroke. The consequence is that the segment always occupies a definite relation to the pawl,whereby the feeding exposure to engagement will remainconstant. The tail-piece may be adjusted on the segment, so that the exposure may be much or little, according to the desired degree of feed. Either of the extremities of the segment is employed, according to the direction of feed and end of pawl employed.

It has been stated that the rotatory strokes of the ratchet-wheel as imparted by the rack were constant. This is not true with reference to the rising and falling side head. The feed moves the side head, say, downward, and consequently the ratchet-wheel, in addition to its rotatory strokes, is gradually creeping around in a direction against the arrow. This introduces a further complication in necessities, but a study of Fig. 4 will show that the condition referred to is fully attended to, the feed remaining uniform at all times.

The rack has its stroke adjustable, as usual, but independent of this adjustment the seg ment provides for an adjustment of the utilization of motion received from the rack. Consequently the rack motion may be adj usted to suit the rail-feeding, and the adjustment of the side-head feed may be made by means of the tail-piece. This quality of the feeding apparatus renders it unnecessary that the rail be provided with means for adj usting the feed.

The device of Fig. 4 may be put on either rail or side head, the other being provided with the usual non-adjustable feed-gears, the adjustment of one feed being made by adjusting the stroke of the rack while the adjustment of the other is made by adjusting the tail-piece.

\Vhen the side head is to be raised and lowered by hand, the hand-crank 35 is employed, and, being mounted on the side head, it rises and falls with the head, being thus at all times conveniently within the reach of the operator while he is engaged in setting the side-head tool to work. The pawl-and-ratchet device illustrated in Fig. 4 is therefore seen to be endowed within itself with the capacity for adjustment of degree of feeding effect, so that a constant stroke of primary impulse may be utilized to an adjustable extent, and to have the capacity when used in conjunction with a second feeding device and with a driver, as a rack, adjustable in its degree of motion, of permitting the adj ustability of the rack-stroke to be employed in adjusting the second feedwhile the segment permits either a primary or compensating adjustment in the first feeding device.

The rack or equivalent-connecting-rod often employed for transmitting movement to the feed-gears usually has motion imparted to it from the tumbler or from some shaft of the driving-train through the medium of friction,

which formed a dead load during the nonfeeding intervals, or from one of the shafts of the driving-train through the medium of ratchets. primarily from a revolving piece having no other resistance duty, and we find it expedient to employ for this purpose the loose pulley 9 pertaining to the cutting motion. This pulley, primarily, has no working duties, its office being merely to receive the cutting-belt during periods of idleness. driving the feed. 'A separate belt and pulley having no reversing motion would answer \Ve utilize it in e arran e for takin the motion the purpose quite as well, but this loose pulley being present and having no reversings of motion and having belt-power motion otherwise unemployed at the time needed for feeding, we recommend its employment.

Proceeding now with further reference to the drawings, 42 indicates what we will call a crank-shaft, its duty being to rotate a feed-crank to reciprocate a feed-rack; 43, a bevel-gear fast on this shaft; 44, a pinion engaging this bevel-gear and made fast with loose cutting-pulley 9, the presence of the shaft 42 and the bevel-gearing being incidental simply to the fact that the drivingshaft 6 is parallel with the bed, and it is desired in the construct-ion illustrated to have the axes of the crank-shaft at right angles to the bed; 45, a disk provided with a crankpin and hereinafter termed a crank, this disk being loose on the crank-shaft 42; 46, link or connecting-rod for transmitting the crank-motion to the rack; 47, a bell-crank lever, carrying a toothed segment engaging the rack 26 and oscillated by the connecting-rod 46; 48, a friction-rim fast on the crank-shaft; 49, a friction-strap carried by the crank 45 and engaging with its bore the periphery of the friction-rim; 50, Fig. 6, a spring-bolt to close the friction-strap on the friction-rim with sufficient force to lock them together and cause the crank to be rotated with the crank-shaft; 51, a cam-lever carried by the crank and adapted, when the end of the lever is pressed inwardly, to force the strap open and allow the friction-rim to revolve while the crank stands; 52,a dog hung upon a fixed adapted, as lever 54 oscillates in one direction,to strike the toe of the finger-lever and lift the dog out of the path of the cam-lever.

The operation of these parts will be best understood from Fig.6. At the end of the cutting-stroke. of the planer the shifter-slide 13 will move to the right and the cutting-belt will go onto pulley 9, and that pulley will revolve, and so, also, will friction-rim 48. The friction-strap will cause the crank 45 also to revolve. The movement of belt-shifting slide 13 to the right brought short arm 55 into contact with the toe of the finger-lever 53, and dog 52 came thereby moved to the left out of the path of the cam-lever51, thus permitting the crank-shaft through the medium of its disk and the friction-strap, to revolve the crank 45; but the axis of dog 52 and short arm 55 are not coincident, and when the short arm has carried the toe and dog a short distance, suflicient, however, to be out of the way of the cam-lever 51, the short arm will disengage from the toe and the dog will drop again to normal position. The cam lever as the crank revolves will strike the dog and become arrested, and the friction-strap will be pried open, whereupon the crank will come to rest while the crank-shaft continues to revolve. The consequence of this is that when the belt-shifting slide is moved to the right the crank will go into locked communication with the loose pulley 9, and will make one revolution, and then become unlocked, the crank thus making one complete revolution at each movement to the right of the belt-shifting slide, which means one feeding impulse of the rack, &c., at the terminal end of each cutting-stroke. Should it be desired that the feeding motion should be obtained at the terminal end of the backing stroke, as is preferred by some constructors, then the loose backing-pulley, instead of the loose cutting-pulley, would be employed in giving motion to the friction-rim. The dog 52 normally occupies the arresting position shown in Fig. 6, and when the belt-shifting slide makes its movement to the left the short arm 55 passes the toe idly and takes up the position shown ready to trip the dog the next time the shifter-slide moves to the right. By turning finger-lever 53 upward and leaving it so the dog will be no longer removed by the action of the belt-shifter, and a convenient means is thus afforded for immediately stopping the feed, though it is not essential.

The friction-disk, friction-strap, and camlever form simply a friction-clutch substantially as shown in Erdmans patent, No. 399,858, which form of clutch we have found well adapted for our desired purpose, though obviously other analogous forms of frictionclutches are available.

The general arrangement of the machine, as regards the rail and side head, is precisely as usual, and the reciprocating rack 26 may impart feeding motion either to the rail-tool or to the side-head tool, or to both simultaneously, as is usual.

\Ve claim as our invention 1. In a metal-planing machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, with a tumbler and belt-shifter, of a shaft projecting outwardly beyond the tumbler and provided with a handle, a lever fast on said shaft and connected with the tumbler, so that oscillations of one are imparted to the other, and a connection from the lever to the belt-shifter.

2. In a pawl-and-ratchet device, the combination, substantiallyas set forth, of a ratchetwheel, a pawl, a segment frictionally carried by the ratchet-wheel and adapted to prevent engagement of pawl with ratchet-wheel, and a tail-piece on the segment adapted to engage a part of the pawl and cause the segment to change its position on the ratchet-wheel.

3. In a pawl-and-ratchet device, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a ratchet- Wheel, a pawl, a segment frictionally carried by the ratchet-wheel and adapted to prevent engagement of pawl with ratchet-wheel, and a tail-piece adjustably mounted on the segment and adapted to engage a part of the pawl and move the segment 011 the ratchetwheel.

4. In a pawland-ratchet device, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a ratchet wheel, a double-ended pawl, a segment frictionally carried by the ratchet wheel and adapted to prevent engagement of pawl with ratchet-wheel, and a tail-piece on the segment, adapted to engage a part of the pawl and move the segment on the ratchet-wheel. 5. The combination, substantially as set forth, of two separate feeding devices, as the feed-gears on the rail and on the side head of a metal-planing machine, a transmitting part, as a reciprocating rack, for actuating both said feeding devices, a pawl and ratchetwheel as part of one of said feeding devices, a segment frictionally carried by said ratchetwheel and adapted to prevent engagement of pawl with ratchet-wheel, and a tail-piece on the segment, adapted to engage a part of the pawl and move the segment on the ratchetwheel.

6. In a metal-planing machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a side head arranged to be moved up and down on a housing of the machine, power-d riven mechanism for giving such movement, a shaft mounted in the side and rising and falling therewith and connected with said feeding mechanism, and a hand-crank on said shaft, adapted to serve in feeding the side head by hand.

7. In a metal-planing machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a feed device on rail or side head, or both, a pulley arranged to be driven in a constant direction regardless of the direction of motion of the table, and mechanism for transmitting intermittently motion from said pulley to said feed device.

8. In a metal-planing machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a feed Gil device on rail or side head, or both, aloose icy to rotary feed-piece, a dog arranged to pulley to. receive one of the driving-belts when the belt is idle, and mechanism for transmitting motion from said loose pulley to said feed device,

9. In a metal-planing machine, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a feed device on rail or side head, or both, a rotary feed-piece, as a crank, for imparting motion to the feed device, a pulley having a constant direction of rotation, a self-gripping frictionclutch serving to transmit motion from pulnormally release the friction-clutch and arrest the motion of the rotary feed-piece, reversing mechanism for the table motion, and a connection from such mechanism to the dog to trip the dog.

GEORGE A. GRAY. ERNST RICHTER.

lVitnesses:

ADOLPH ZUEST, HENRY MARX. 

